Action Potentials and The Cardiac Cycle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Activity Potentials and The Cardiac Cycle - Essay Example ld take roughly 200 to 500 milliseconds to finish and led from cell to cell, more slow contrasted with under 2 milliseconds in the activity possibilities in skeletal muscles (Seeley, Stephens, and Tate, 2007: 333). The accompanying figures portray the stages or periods of an activity potential: resting potential, depolarization, repolarization, and coming back to resting potential or the last repolarization stage. The resting potential is the phase when the cell isn't directing a drive (Rothenberg and Chapman, 1989). At this resting stage, the centralization of sodium (Na+) particles is higher outside the cell than within. Then again, the potassium (K+) particles are clearly higher inside the cell, contrasted with the outside. As such, the sodium-potassium siphon is continually busy working to guarantee a progressively positive ionic condition outside the cell layer, consequently leaving the cell inside profoundly negative (MCB-HHMI Outreach, 2005). Depolarization denotes the initial phase in imparting a sign or activity potential, wherein the adversely charged cell inside is upset by the passageway positive Na+ particles, as should be obvious in the above figure (MCB-HHMI Outreach, 2005). Further, it is in this phase Na+ channels open to offer path to the dispersion of Na+ into the cell, simultaneously, the K+ channels would simply start to open however closes quickly to diminish the porousness of cell to K+ (Seeley, Stephens, and Tate, 2007: 333). We can see in figure 2 that the potassium and sodium channels resemble doors that open to offer route to their individual particles. In like manner, the opening and shutting of these layer directs are mindful in the creation of activity possibilities, because of the progressions in cell film porousness (Seeley, Stephens, and Tate, 2007: 333). Likewise, calcium (Ca++) channels gradually open to cause Ca++ particles to diffuse into the cell, which additionally emulate depolarization (S eeley, Stephens, and Tate, 2007: 333). An activity expected triggers

The Meaning of Sovereignty, and Its Extent in Contemporary Essay

The Meaning of Sovereignty, and Its Extent in Contemporary Nation-States. Sway in the Asia-Pacific Region - Essay Example The 21st century saw around 200 autonomous states in the worldwide network, the biggest number of free states ever (Tsoundarou, 2002). The key factor for a state to be decreed autonomous is its capacity to viably practice its power unhampered by outside or inside powers. The idea of sway is commonly referred to by all as a definitive force for self-assurance in a free state. It is in many cases likened with freedom or opportunity. There is general understanding concerning its depiction: power is outright, boundless, indefeasible, basic, and indissoluble (Underhill, 1808); it is subjective or unmitigated, not quantitative and subsequently not equipped for portrayal in rate terms (Weber, 2011). In a perfect world, power dwells in the individuals, despite the fact that the administration practices the sovereign demonstration in their name. As of late, in any case, advancements in universal relations have made it important to adjust our idea of power, so as to make functional structures among countries that better location the objectives of globalization and worldwide collaboration. This paper places the contention that the to a great extent deep down looking idea of power being sought after by states in the Asia-Pacific district has gone about as an imperative on the advancement of a solid local association that would better serve their inclinations in a globalizing world. The dominating Westphalian power to which the Asia-Pacific countries stick is to a great extent contradictory to the â€Å"pooling† of sway that is an imperative to provincial unification. In such manner, the Asia-Pacific area isn't set up to meet the goals of globalization. The Meaning of Sovereignty The word â€Å"sovereignty† has been utilized from various perspectives that a level of equivocalness encompasses the assurance of its significance. Actually, there have been a few creators who completely express that sway is difficult to characterize (Uruena, 2006). To delineate the multifaceted nature of power as an idea, a scientific classification by Stephen Krasner (1999, in Weber, 2011, p. 3; Cohan, 1995, pp.912-916; and Jackson, 2006, pp. 63-64) recognized four unique uses: (1) Domestic sway, that relates to the force structure of state political power, just as how much control is affected and forced by this position; (2) Interdependent sway, relating to the degree by which the political authority can impact the passage and departure through its outskirts; (3) International legitimate sway, that relates to the acknowledgment agreed to different states and which different states accord it; and (4) Westphalian power, that conventional type of sway which bars every single outside component from its political procedures. The general view of â€Å"sovereignty† is that focal force saved by normal agreement of country states for the political leader of that state. This started with the Treaty of Westphalia of 1648, also called the â€Å"Peace Treaty betw een the Holy Roman Emperor and the King of France and their separate Allies.† Composed of 128 conditions, the archive was initially intended to contain the moment subtleties denoting the finish of the Thirty Years War. It incorporates the arrival of landholdings to the distinctive primitive masters, with the vow not to meddle in the system being actualized in regions other than their own. Essentially, the intensity of the sovereign established on the â€Å"claim of heavenly prevalence was given to the rulers and rulers who practice their own nearby predominance† (Jackson, 2006, p. 62). This thought of without a doubt the privilege of the sovereign was in the long run taken to be the â€Å"

Maybe its okay to be this way

Maybe it’s okay to be this way Ive been reading popular science for a long time. Its why Im interested in science. Its probably why Im at MIT. I have tremendous appreciation for people like Brian Greene and Oliver Sacks, who are great communicators about their specialty, but am equally admiring of writers like David Quammen and Richard Preston, who arent scientists by training but have a knack for delving into scientific fields and then writing about them. If youve never read anything by Quammen or Preston, you must. I recommend The Flight of the Iguana and First Light, respectively; reading those books was like eating REALLY GOOD CHOCOLATE ICE CREAM, in that you skim off the TINIEST sliver at a time, in order to drag out the eating process as long as possible. You can do that without losing flavor because each sliver tastes SO FREAKING GOOD. Since I read First Light,  and found out that science writing is an actual profession, it has secretly been my dream job. You learn and write about any area of science that interests you FOR A LIVING! You get to make connections with renowned scientists and share their stories with the public FOR A LIVING! Sounds perfect to me: my favorite activities are writing and teaching, I love all areas of science and deeply resent the idea of having to specialize, and have a penchant for running around, introducing myself to professors, and asking about their work. A little more on this specialization resentment:  I have read EVERY SINGLE CLASS DESCRIPTION for EVERY SINGLE DEPARTMENT AT MIT. Literally. At the beginning of the semester, when I finally stopped procrastinating on picking classes for the semester, I went online, made a list of 38 I wanted to take this fall, and gave up. I had room for four. This has made me feel like an imposter in the science research community. Most of my classmates seem pretty settled with their major; they know that they want to go to graduate school in X, or have been doing a UROP for 2+ years and are loving it.   Sure, a lot of them are conflicted, too, but it always seems like theyre conflicted between two different topics in X, rather than between eighty entirely distinct fields, like me. And then there are my professors, who have, as far as I can tell, been physics prodigies since birth. Ive talked to a number of them, and it doesnt seem like there was ever a big identity WHAT SHOULD I DO WITH MY LIFE? crisis. The path was pretty clear: love physics, be ridiculously good at it, become a physicist, profit. I, on the other hand, was certain that I WASNT going to become a physicist before this summer. I did a complete one-eighty. I was 90% set on becoming a neurologist, because 1) I figured that being interested in science + wanting to help people and change the world meant becoming a doctor, and 2) brains are both scientifically interesting, and directly relevant to society. I figured that the importance of whether the Higgs boson exists or not, or the universe has an open or closed geometry, paled in comparison to whether we could cure neurological disorders. Then I spent a summer at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory, and had a transforming research experience with a brilliant, very personable mentor. I became obsessed with pulsars. I gave talks at the local observatory, and figured that I could lead a joint research/outreach life do research and outreach at a planetarium, like Neil deGrasse Tyson. I could be a scientist who changes the way science is taught Something that continued to disturb me: how can I be so different from my fellow physicists and rising physicists and still want to go into the same kind of profession? Maybe that means science research isnt right for me? That Im not the type? Almost everyone I know likes equation-manipulationg and science research more than creative writing. Some of them actually hate writing. Its one of those things you unfortunately have to do as a scientist; its the icky part of the package. Im the opposite:  I am 100% sure that I wouldnt become a scientist if it meant not writing or communicating ever again. If all these successful physicists I know have never REALLY wanted to do anything else, or had much of a conflict about their career, maybe that means Im not cut out to be a successful physicist? My insecurities hit me again in full force  after science journalism class last Thursday;  I had spent an hour in rapture, as our professor read us a piece he wrote two decades ago about a neonatal physician who died of toxic shock syndrome, and walked out feeling more torn than ever. I began to fret that I would spend my ENTIRE LIFE conflicted, and as a result never actually accomplish anything. I freaked out, and did what I always do when I freak out:  I walked to my special spot on Mem. Drive, by the river (where I used to rehearse for the musical, because no one would be able to hear me) and phoned a friend. Sam 14 has been one of my best friends since CPW since before I knew I was going to come to MIT. He is Godly At Physics In A Way I Can Never Hope To Be. He walked over. We talked. I admit that I shed a few tears. He gave me a hug and a frame of reference with which to calibrate my out-of-control perspective. I calmed down. He then spent two hours giving me a crash course in the linear algebra one needs to know for 8.05 (Quantum II) since Ive been dying in that class due to Insufficient Math Background. I found out afterwards that he had his own psets to finish. This seems to be the MIT way: punt your psets to help your friends. We help each other survive the inevitable tough times, here. Its Sams birthday tomorrow, so heres a shoutout happy birthday, friend! Sappiness aside, I got a good nights sleep and felt much better in the morning (it was a rough, rough week) but still a little uncomfortable. Enter Professor Dumbledore. If you didnt read my other post about him, heres the low-down: hes a professor in the physics department who has been a fabulous unofficial mentor to me. Ive never taken a class with him, done research under his supervision, anything like that Ive just talked to him. A few days before the semester started, I made an appointment to visit Professor Dumbledore, and fill him in on my research experience at the NRAO. Towards the end of the conversation, he glanced at his watch and gave me one of the most cryptic set of instructions I have ever received: Professor Dumbledore: Okay, Anna. I want you to go downstairs to the second floor. Me: second floor. Dumbledore: To the Marlar Lounge. Me: Marlar Lounge. Got it. Dumbledore: There, you will find about forty astrophysics graduate students, snarfing down food. Me: Forty grad students. Marlar Lounge. Okay. Dumbledore: I want you to announce your presence Me: Announce my p-wait, what? Dumbledore: -say that youre interested in astrophysics, and ask if you can hang with them. Me: WHAT? Dumbledore: But HURRY, because someone is about to start giving a talk. You have to go RIGHT NOW. Me: Iwhat? Okay. BYE! and without questioning, I ran out the door and into the elevator, hit 2, and counted down the seconds left of my dignity. I marched into the Marlar Lounge: sure enough, there were about 40 graduate students in there. They were NOT snarfing food they were sitting in rows of chairs, while the speaker stood poised with a pointer, ready to begin his presentation. All of them turned to look at me. The terror that Dumbledore could just be messing with me materialized; I banished it. Riddikulus. Me: Hello! Graduate students: Me: Im Anna. Im an undergrad. I like astrophysics. Professor Dumbledore told me to ask if I can hang with you. They burst out laughing. Graduate students: Yes, of course! Welcome! Sit down, sit down. I sat down. Turned out that the talk was about a radio astronomy project that an MIT group is doing at the same telescope I used this summer. My conclusion: Dumbledore is all-knowing and all-seeing. Nowadays, the Marlar Lounge is a second home to me I go there every week for the Astrophysics colloquium. Going to these events regularly is nice, because you see the same people over and over again; I sit at the front of the room with Dumbledore, my ex-astronomy professor, my UROP supervisor (whos bff with my supervisor from the summer) and other very distinguished astrophysicists and astronomers (very distinguished and on the astrophysics faculty at MIT is sort of redundant.) Yesterday, the colloquium was about RadioAstron: a telescope that was launched into space last year, to be used with telescopes on Earth to provide very high-resolution data. Its the equivalent of examining bacteria from a mile away in the radio part of the spectrum, of course, because radio astronomy is the best. As a radio astronomer-in-training, I wanted to get an experts opinion on the project. So, I went to Dumbledore, even though hes technically not a radio astronomer. He gave me some thoughts but conceded that it wasnt his specialty, and that he didnt want to give me too biased of an opinion. As I waited for the elevator and he walked to his office, I heard him yell ANNA!!!! ANNA!!!!! and went running back. Professor Dumbledore: Anna, come here. I want you to meet someone. Me: ??? He walked me to an office down the hall. Dumbledore: Anna, this is Josh Winn. Josh Winn looked up from his desk. Me: Hi, nice to meet you! Dumbledore: Josh, I want you to meet my friend Anna. Shes a sophomore. Me: Junior. Dumbledore: Junior. Dumbledore is allowed to forget things sometimes. The information is all in his pensieve(s), anyway. Josh Winn: Hello! Dumbledore: Shes going to be a force. I contributed to the introductions with a mortified silence. Dumbledore: She wants to know about RadioAstron, but I told her that its not really my specialty so Im going to leave her with you. Anna, get Joshs opinion, then you calibrate it with mine. Me: Sounds like a plan. Dumbledore left, and shut the door. Me: Errhi. Sorry to barge in like this. Josh Winn: No problem! *blah blah thoughts on RadioAstron that are not really important to this story* Me: Oh, great. Thanks. Soactually, while Im hereyou probably dont remember me, but back in my freshman year I arranged a meeting with you and we chatted about careers and interests. Josh Winn: Oh! Me: Yeah, it was a while ago. I was wondering if we could chat a bit now, if you dont mind Josh Winn: Of course! What followed blew my mind. Literally. I could feel bits of brain ricocheting against the inside of my skull.  Turns out that Josh Winn: 1) was a physics major at MIT 2) loved all subjects chem, bio, physics, everything and particularly loved to write 3) wanted to help people, so (for other reasons as well) decided to go to medical school 4) thought that maybe he could get away with not having to specialize by becoming a science writer 5)  the summer after graduating from college, took an internship writing science articles for the Economist in London 6) realized that medicine wasnt for him, and that he missed physics research, so went to astronomy graduate school 7) continued as a freelance science writer for the Economist through graduate school 8) became a radio astronomer 9) left radio astronomy and is now doing research on exoplanets Seriously. It was like hearing my life, then my future, recited back to me. The conversation is a bit of a blur; I was very sleep-deprived and a little unstable. I was so overwhelmed by the idea that someone ACTUALLY UNDERSTOOD ME that I nearly started crying. I remember interjecting with WHAT?????? NO WAY!!! and a few ME TOO!!!!!s and one very embarrassing (WHY DID I SAY THIS???) OH MY GOD WERE LIKE THE SAME PERSON! If Josh Winn diagnosed me with some sort of Serious Mental Problem, he didnt say so, though. He made sure to stress that  just because astronomy ended up being the right decision for him, it didnt mean that it would be the right decision for me that it was important to figure out what MY thing was. Turned out that medicine and science journalism werent for him. I asked why he decided against becoming a science writer, and he said it was because it was a bit too vicarious; you spend your time writing about amazing projects that OTHER people are doing. Fair enough. I asked for some advice on what to do now: he suggested that I write regularly, get in touch with Alan Lightman (I was pleased to be able to say that I already have I hunted Prof. Lightman down at a thesis reading last spring, and he agreed to read some of my writing for me), and keep doing astrophysics research to give myself the best shot at getting into a good grad school (thats the plan.) He emphasized that ITS OKAY! to feel conflicted. Its okay to have lots of interests. He also told me that being able to write well, and LIKING to write, is a very rare and valuable commodity in the science world; he called it a secret weapon. When I explained my guilt in wanting to become an astrophysicist Im worried that I wont be helping society! he said very simply that there are a lot of ways to help people. Hes right, I think.  There are infinite ways to help the world and a finite number of days in which to do so. Maybe the best plan is to identify something one loves to do, then do it all the while thinking of ways to connect it to the rest of the world. We might see problems solved from non-traditional, oblique angles that way. Eventually, I thanked Josh Winn a billion times and told him that I would come back if I had another identity crisis. He laughed. I returned to the elevator, and thanked it from the bottom of my heart for not arriving before Dumbledore called my name.

Why Women Live Longer Than Men

Fracking Boom How Fracking Ignited American Energy...

Natural gas is the transitional fuel that is cleaner than coal and oil that has been experiencing a boom in the United States for the last few decades. Natural gas is most familiar to us in the form of heating and cooking on gas ranges. It is abundantly available and modern technology has made it much more accessible and cheaper than other energy sources. Hydraulic fracturing, known short as fracking, is the combination of technology with water and chemicals, and high pressure, that breaks through shale rocks to capture energy. The Climate One podcast titled â€Å" Fracking Boom,†explains America’s recent obsession with fracking, surrounding its history, economic stimulus, construction, and community opposition among other issues. Presenting the talk were Russell Gold, author of The Boom: How Fracking Ignited American Energy Revolution and Changed the World, Mark Zoback, professor of Geophysics at Stanford University, and Trevor Houser, co-author of Fueling Up: The Econ omic Implications of America’s Oil and Gas Boom. The three guest speakers shared their expertise on how the fracking boom can power America’s economy, but can only be successful if the process in making the wells for fracking, are done along guidelines within the regulations. Host Greg Dalton, describes fracking as â€Å"the injection of a cocktail of water and chemicals at high pressure to release bubbles of oil or gas trapped in shale rocks.† Though this is said in a comical tone, all he said is within reach. TheShow MoreRelatedHow Fracking Ignited The American Energy Revolution And Changed The World1577 Words   |  7 PagesHow Fracking Ignited the American Energy Revolution and Changed the World Russell Gold, a reporter for The Wall Street Journal, wrote a book entitled, The Boom: How Fracking Ignited the American Energy Revolution and Changed the World. In his book he begins by telling a personal story of how he has been affected by the â€Å"energy revolution. His parents, along with their friends, owned about 102 acres of land in Pennsylvania that was thought to have oil beneath it. The story begins when his parentsRead MoreHydraulic Fracking Essay15746 Words   |  63 PagesHydraulic Fracturing (â€Å"Fracking†) LAS 432 – Technology, Society, and Culture Team B Michael Griffin Mark Hartwick Alena Hutson Kansas Gentry Kevin Gracia Professor Douglas McCoy 8/24/12 Contents Thesis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Page 3 Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Page 3 Hydraulic Fracturing Description†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Page 4 History of Fracking.....................†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Page 5 Cultural Context†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Page

Letting Go of My Social Media Addiction Free Essays

For the past two weeks, I refrained from using all of my social media accounts. I stopped communicating with my mentors, and even with my team. I shunned conversations leading to my previous competition because I was afraid to admit that in spite of rehearsing for a long time, I still committed a lot of mistakes. We will write a custom essay sample on Letting Go of My Social Media Addiction or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, earlier this morning I received a letter from one of the organizers announcing that I had won the 2018 International Broadway Performing Arts Acting Competition that was held in Florence, Italy last month! To tell you honestly, I never expected to win. All of the competitors added flavours to their roles and committing just a pinch of errors, whilst I did otherwise. I cannot imagine how I finished my performance but I can vividly recall how my team has helped me through my struggles during the play. To my mentors, whom I call my â€Å"guardian angels† and the Broadway International organizers, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to all of you. Thank you for making me recognize my own talent and molding it to become one of the instruments to achieve my dream —being one of the youngest members of the Broadway Performing Youth. I am very thankful for the opportunity, awards and the Les Mi?erables Talent Scholarship (I indeed gave justice to the character of Fantine! Didn’t I?) To my parents, thank you for supporting me along the way. I know that it was not easy for the both of you to let me go to new places alone nor let me make decisions for myself, yet you still allowed me to do so. You deserve my warmest hugs as you are most patient and understanding. To my co-actors and friends, cheers to us for making it this far! Our teamwork has led us here and I know that we will reach new places through hardwork and perseverance. Last and most importantly, to the Lord our God, my Saviour, thank you for saving me, for being my motivation during the times of difficulties; of wanting to quit; and wanting to stop searching for my passion. My Lord, all that I do is for the grace of Yours. May You continue lighting my path towards excellence. To others that are reading this message, continue pursuing your dreams and trust what Psalm 27:14 states, † Wait for the Lord; be strong and take heart; wait for the Lord!† How to cite Letting Go of My Social Media Addiction, Papers

Study on the New Era of Mall Culture in Pune free essay sample

She has guided us on this research and correcting various documents and amending them with attention and care. She has taken pain to go through the project and make necessary correction as and when needed at each and every step. We express our thanks to the Director of Symbiosis Institute of Management Studies, Pune for extending his support. We would like to show our greatest appreciation for the support extended to us by the respondents, which was vital for the success of the project. We also take this opportunity to thank our parents, friends and colleagues for helping us. The primary objective of this study was to understand the gradual evolution of mall and the changing trends, to analyze consumer behavior and satisfaction level towards the services provided by mall and the strategies to be used by different malls for practicing effective customer relations. This study also aimed at understanding the criteria and reasons of customers for visiting a mall and to determine the most effective mall preferred by the customers and the unique feature about the same. We will write a custom essay sample on Study on the New Era of Mall Culture in Pune or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Primary data for the study were collected through mall intercept survey method. The questionnaire hard copy was personally administered to all the respondents by the researcher. The questionnaire contained rating based questions, closed end questions very few open ended questions. The five Point Likert-type scale was also used in few questions. A consolidated table for data on general information has been prepared while separate tables, for each of the specific questions, have been prepared with simultaneous interpretation using pie bar charts. The results conclusion of the study were discussed compared in the light of the two literature reviews. Consumers approach shopping with certain decision-making traits that form a decision making style. The increases in the number and variety of goods, stores, and shopping malls, and the availability of multi component products and electronic purchasing capabilities have broadened the sphere for consumer preference and have complicated decision making. According to research conducted it was found that mall owners are no longer worried, as the Indian customer are voting for malls when it came to making concrete purchases that translate into turnovers and profits over a traditional neighborhood „kirana? tore, thus one of the objective of the study was fulfilled. It can be concluded that people went to a mall for the shopping opportunities it offers. Key Words- Mall culture; Consumer preference; Consumer behavior;